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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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<text id=91TT2131>
<title>
Sep. 23, 1991: Resurrecting a Wondrous Craft
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Sep. 23, 1991 Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
CULTURES, Page 50
COVER STORIES
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
Resurrecting a Wondrous Craft
</hdr><body>
<p> George Dyson has set himself a task even more difficult than
preserving the wisdom of a vanishing culture: reviving an art
that is already lost. The son of a Princeton physicist, Dyson,
38, was fascinated by 18th century accounts of Aleutian
kayakers, who were said to have sustained speeds of 10 knots on
the open ocean in their 15-ft. to 30-ft. craft, defying the
apparent limits imposed by the length of the boat and human
endurance. For two decades, Dyson, a self-taught boatbuilder,
has worked to rediscover the technological secrets of these
fabled vessels, or baidarkas, as Russian colonists called them.
</p>
<p> For more than 5,000 years, Aleut Indians plied the islands
off Alaska in craft made of animal skins and bone. Over time
these craft diverged in design from other kayaks. They evolved
curiously split bows, sterns that were wide at the top but
V-shaped at the bottom, and bone joints that made the vessels
100 times as flexible as modern boats. The Aleuts became shaped
to the demands of kayaking vast distances, developing huge upper
bodies from relentless paddling and bowed legs that allowed them
to sit confined for hours. By the time the Russians arrived in
pursuit of sea-otter pelts in 1741, the Aleuts had established a
marriage of man and technology near perfect for hunting sea
mammals.
</p>
<p> The baidarka changed markedly under the influence of the
Russians and then began to disappear with the end of the
sea-otter hunts in the last century. After World War II, the
Aleuts switched to motor-powered craft. In his efforts to
reconstruct the original kayaks, Dyson, based in Bellingham,
Wash., relies on early accounts of explorers and sea captains.
</p>
<p> The most intriguing elements of baidarka design are those
that show the Aleuts' rejection of typical kayak forms in favor
of a distinctive approach. Dyson speculates that the forked bow
prevents the boat from submarining in waves. It also gives the
kayak the speed advantage of a longer, slenderer craft, and may
set up a wave that counteracts the drag-inducing bow wave of
ordinary designs. The oddly configured stern may help the kayak
make the transition from a vessel that pushes through the water
to one that planes on top of the water.
</p>
<p> Dyson believes that the baidarka will have a robust
future, influencing the shape of modern sport kayaks. Physicist
Francis Clauser designed a forked-bow craft for a syndicate in
the 1986-87 America's Cup race. Dyson still speaks of the genius
of the Aleut kayak builders with reverence: "Modern science has
recognized all the elements that went into the baidarka, but
nobody put them together to achieve a synthesis the way the
Aleuts did."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>